《中国语言学报》（Journal of Chinese Linguistics, JCL）由王士元院士于1973年在加州大学伯克利校区创刊，是被社会科学引文索引（SSCI）与艺术与人文科学索引（A&HCI）收录的有着国际影响的中国语言学学术期刊。学报以普通语言学和中国语言学相结合为研究内容，科学研究方法为探索途径，英汉语为交流媒介，从创刊起就鼓励学术交流及新发现，是一个有远见、有历史、有经验、有成果，并有学术创新精神的刊物。

如您所在机构已订阅Project Muse, 可点击以下链接获取53卷第1期、第2期、第3期的open access内容：

https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/250/journal/655?sessionid=

自2025年起，《中国语言学报》参与Project MUSE主导的S2O项目。此项目下，从第53卷第1期开始，文章转为开放获取，即，有OA标志的期刊可直接查阅、下载，详见下图。

S2O项目采用CC BY-NC-ND（创作共用署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎）许可协议。该许可协议允许用户在注明作者的前提下，复制、分发文章供非商业用途使用；仅可分享文章的原始完整版本，不得对其进行修改或衍生作品创作。

现在《中国语言学报》2025年53卷第2期（Journal of Chinese Linguistics Vol. 53, No.2）已出版。下面，我们将推送JCL最新一期（第53卷第2期）文章摘要——

Articles

PARALLEL DEVELOPMENT OF NUMERALS AND NUMERAL CLASSIFIERS IN CHILDREN’S ACQUISITION OF MANDARIN CHINESE

汉语儿童习得数词与量词的对等发展

Yupin Chen

陈郁彬

台北大学

One-Soon Her

何万顺

东海大学

台湾政治大学

Abstract

In light of the view that numeral classifiers and numeral bases function as multiplicands (Greenberg 1990: 293; Her 2012a; Her et al. 2017, 2018), this study investigates Mandarin-speaking children’s acquisition of numerals (Num) and numeral classifiers, which consist of sortal classifiers (C) and mensural classifiers (M), in the construction of [Num C/M N]. We conducted four elicitation experiments with four age groups, from 2 to 5. In line with previous studies, the results show that Cs appeared before Ms, and before the children were able to use various appropriate C/M for different nouns, ge5, the general classifier, appeared as a placeholder, indicating their understanding of the requirement of a C/M when quantifying N with Num. More importantly, the findings for the first time reveal a parallel development between numeral bases and C/M. This robust correlation implies that children’s grasp of numerals and numeral bases facilitates their acquisition of C/Ms. This finding, in turn, lends support to the view that numeral bases and C/M converge cognitively as multiplicands.

摘要

基于量词和位数词都可视为是“被乘数”的观点(Greenberg 1990: 293; Her 2012a; Her et al. 2017, 2018)，本文进而探究汉语儿童习得“数量名”结构时在数词、位数词和量词上的使用情形；其中量词可分为个体量词与计量量词。本研究执行了四个诱答性测试，涵盖了2到5岁的四个年龄组。与先前的研究结果一致，显示个体量词的习得先于计量量词，且在儿童能够使用不同的量词来适切地量化名词之前，“个”这个通用的个体量词往往有作为占位符的功能，这表明汉语儿童已理解了同时使用数词与量词来量化名词的必要。更重要的是，本研究发现也首次显示了位数词和量词之间的对等发展，两者之间的显著相关性意味着儿童对数词和位数词的掌握有助于他们在量词上的习得。这项研究发现也进一步支持了位数词和量词在认知上同为被乘数的观点。

LENITION IN TAIWANESE SOUTHERN MIN AT THE SYNTAX-PHONOLOGY INTERFACE

台湾闽南语的弱化现象及其与句法-音系介面的互动

Feng-fan Hsieh

谢丰帆

台湾清华大学

Abstract

This paper examines the phonetics and phonology of lenition in Taiwanese Southern Min, focusing on intervocalic voicing as a crucial manifestation. To systematically explore the phonetic realizations of intervocalic voicing, recognized widely as a typical instantiation of lenition, an electroglottography (EGG) study was conducted. This study manipulated (i) morphosyntactic junctures (word-internal, phrase-internal, and cross-phrasal), (ii) places of articulation (labial, coronal, and dorsal), and (iii) speaking rates (slow and fast) to derive insights into the phenomenon in question. Our findings reveal a robust lexical-functional asymmetry: Intervocalic voicing predominantly occurs in functional elements while being systematically suppressed in lexical words. In comparison, other factors, such as junctures and speaking rates, have a relatively insignificant influence on intervocalic voicing, which contradicts the previous impressionistic results that indicated otherwise. The disparity between lexical and functional elements is attributable to the less stringent faithfulness requirements on functional elements. To elaborate, within a stress-driven analysis of lenition, the unstressed status of functional elements compared to lexical words may contribute to increased gestural overlap between adjacent vowels. This overlap, in turn, could facilitate the exclusive emergence of intervocalic voicing in functional elements.

摘要

本文使用电子声门仪(Electroglottograph)记录并分析台湾闽南语的弱化现象。主要观察标的为一般公认为典型弱化现象之一的元音间浊化。本研究操弄以下变项：(甲)形态句法边界，(乙)构音部位与(丙)语速来观察浊化现象。与先前文献报导不同、实验结果显示上述三个变项基本上都不是促发元音间浊化的原因。反而是虚词与实词的对立才是促使元音间浊化发生的主因。亦即：虚词一般都会促发元音间浊化，但在相似的环境里的实词原则上并不会如此。这种虚实对立可由优选论里对虚词的信实性(Faithfulness)要求较低来解释。而究其动因，很有可能还是因为重音的缘故。本文认为由于虚词不能独立构成韵律词，因此无法承载重音。非重音音节的虚词会导致邻近音段构音重叠程度显著加大，进而引发元音间浊化、乃至于其他类似的弱化现象的发生。也正因如此，可承载重音的实词并不会发生弱化。

THE COMPETING SOUND CHANGES IN THE DIALECTS OF MIGRANT COMMUNITIES OF LINYI CITY

临沂移民方言岛的语音竞争性演变

Junling Zhu

朱军玲

马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校

Abstract

The migrant villages Hongqi, Dongfeng and Xiangyang in Linyi City, Shandong Province, China were formed in the 1960s as part of community relocation from Mengyin County due to the building of the Andi Reservoir. Drawing on the theory of lexical diffusion, this paper provides a comprehensive description of the sound changes in the Hongqi, Dongfeng, and Xiangyang dialects, and explores the spreading patterns of the sound changes from the perspectives of competing changes and residues. This paper argues that the sound changes in Hongqi, Dongfeng, and Xiangyang over a span of about 50 years are the result of the competition of the dual influence from their current surrounding dialects and the standard Chinese Putonghua. The different language prestige and economic power represented by Putonghua and the current surrounding dialects in the region have influenced the directions and rates of sound changes in these three migrant villages. The migrants’ language knowledge and attitude toward Putonghua and the current surrounding dialects have also played a role in the directions and rates of sound changes.

摘要

中国山东临沂市红旗村，东风村和向阳村是上世纪60年代因修建岸堤水库而从山东蒙阴县集体搬迁部分居民形成的三个移民方言岛。本文从王士元的词汇扩散理论角度，全面描述了临沂这三个方言岛的音变扩散现象，并从竞争演变与竞争残余角度对其音变扩散规律和语音演变机制做了分析和探讨。本文认为临沂库区这三个移民方言岛近50年来的语音演变是在其现居住地方言和普通话双重影响下地竞争性演变的结果。移民方言岛各语音项目与现居住地强势方言和普通话的复杂关系，是导致各项目的演变速度和程度不一的主要因素；各语音项目演变的方向和速度与移民的语言认知，语言态度以及现居住地方言和普通话所代表的不同经济文化优势有关。

CONTACT OR COGNATE: A CASE STUDY OF THE SOUND CORRESPONDENCES BETWEEN CUN AND HLAI IN HAINAN

接触还是同源：海南村话与黎语语音对应的个案研究

Chuntao Liu

刘春陶

南开大学

Boyang Ni

倪博洋

南开大学

Abstract

Chinese and Hlai serve as two main sources of Cun vocabulary. The coronal initials of Cun’s Chinese-sourced words have undergone the chain shift *t>ɗ→*s>tθ, in which the involved sound classes of Middle Chinese are different from the surrounding Chinese dialects, indicating Cun’s independent evolution in the language contact. Though Cun being defined as a vernacular of Hlai by previous studies, regular correspondences of coronal initials cannot be established between Cun and Hlai dialects. This paper proposes that Chinese-sourced words are inherent, whereas the Hlai-sourced words are borrowed after the migration of Cun. The inherent sound changes took place in the process of an ongoing phoneme borrowing and adapting, creating multiple historical strata in the correspondences of loan phonemes.

摘要

汉语和黎语是村话词汇的两个主要来源。村话中来自汉语的词汇的舌齿音经历了*t>ɗ→*s>tθ的链式音变，其中涉及的中古汉语音类与周边汉语方言不同，表明村话在语言接触中经历了独立的演变。尽管以往的研究将村话定义为黎语的一种方言，但村话与黎语方言之间无法建立舌齿音的规律对应关系。本文认为，村话中来自汉语的词汇是固有的，而来自黎语的词汇是在村话到达海南之后借入的。固有层次的音变发生在语音借用和适应过程中，形成借词音系中的复杂历史层次。

VERBAL COMPLEMENTATION IN DGEBSHES HORPA

格西霍尔语的补语构造

Qianzi Tian

田阡子

江苏师范大学

Jackson T.-S. Sun

孙天心

台湾“中央研究院”

Abstract

This paper analyzes the structures and typology of verbal complementation in the Dgebshes variety of Central Horpa (Sino-Tibetan). Dgebshes employs multiple types of complement clauses and complementation strategies to relate a primary state of affairs with a secondary state of affairs. Selection of complementation structures is determined to a large extent by the degree of semantic integration between the predicates of the two associated states of affairs. The tighter the semantic integration, the more likely the occurrence of deranked complement clauses and monoclausal complement strategies. Comparative evidence suggests that the two salient traits of Dgebshes complementation, increased formal diversity and decreased structural embedding, may both be correlated with prolonged contact with Tibetan.

摘要

本文深入探讨汉藏语系格西霍尔语补语构造的性质及类型特征。格西话的补语构造运用多种真性补语句与补语策略连结语义上的主要及附属命题，不同结构的选择取决于主要及附属命题谓语间的语义整合度。整合度越高，越倾向使用偏离独立语句的补语句或单句式的补语策略。比较证据显示，格西话补语构造的两项类型特征“形式多样性强”与“结构包蕴性弱”可能均与藏语长期接触的影响有关。

ON TWO TYPES OF VOLITIONAL MODAL PARTICLES IN CHINESE DIALECTS

汉语方言的两类意志语气词

Xiaoxue Huang

黄晓雪

广州大学

Abstract

In Chinese dialects, there is a kind of volitional modal particles used at the end of volitional sentences (including imperative sentences and volitional sentences) to enhance language force. Volitional modal particles are partly derived from the resumptive pronouns used at the end of the sentence such as “ta 他/它”, “qu 渠/佢” and “yi 伊” while part of them come from the directional verbs meaning “go” and “come” like “qu 去” and “lai 来”. The syntactic context in which the resumptive pronoun and the directional verbs “qu去/lai来” grammaticalize into volitional modal particles is used at the end of volitional sentences. The syntactic distribution of “ta <modal particle>他_语” and “qu <modal particle>去_语” is roughly the same, but far from “lai <modal particle>来_语”.  The intensity of “ta <modal particle>他_语” and “qu <modal particle>去_语” is usually higher than that of “lai <modal particle>来_语” in language force. The difference in syntactic distribution of volitional modal particles leads to the difference in the intensity of language force, and the distribution is related to the semantic factors before they are grammaticalized. The categories of “ta <modal particle>他_语” and “qu <modal particle>去_语”/ “lai <modal particle>来_语” are generally complementary in geographical distribution. This distribution pattern is related to the weakening tendency of SOV word order from north to south.

摘要

汉语方言中有一类用于意志句(包括祈使句和意愿句)句末、增强语力的意志语气词。意志语气词一部分由用于句末的复指代词变来，如“他(它)”“渠(佢)”“伊”；一部分来源于“去”“来”义趋向动词，如“去”“来”。复指代词和趋向动词“去/来”语法化为意志语气词的句法环境是用于意志句句末。“他_语”和“去_语”的句法分布大体相同，而与“来_语”相距较远。“他_语”和“去_语”的语力强度往往要高于“来_语”。意志语气词句法分布的差异导致了语力强度的不同，而分布又与它们虚化之前的语义等因素有关。“他_语”类和“去_语/来_语”类在地域上大体呈互补分布，这种分布格局跟SOV语序的倾向性由北至南逐渐减弱有关。

LINGUISTIC STRATA OF CONTACT AND METHOD OF REFERENCE

语言的接触层叠与参照析层法

Shenqing Guo

郭沈青

宝鸡文理学院

Xiajun Liu

刘夏君

宝鸡文理学院

Shanshan Yan

延珊珊

宝鸡文理学院

Qi Cai

蔡琦

宝鸡文理学院

Abstract

Only noticing the external performances, Method of Comparison (historical-comparative linguistics) ignores the main cause, heterogeneous contact, during the reconstruction of the linguistic history of pedigree of homogeneous differentiation through language comparison. Partly recognizing the function of contact and introducing the idea of strata(layering) in language evolution, Method of Strata Analysis (the historical analytic hierarchy method) takes it as written-spoken layers from superficial borrowing. But in linguistic strata (layering) of contact there are two basic forms: visible superimposition and invisible superimposition, which are essentially different. The former, visible superimposition, is formed by superficial borrowing from dialects to authoritative languages, usually starting with vocabulary and prone to irregular phonological changes, while the latter, invisible superimposition, is formed by underlying transfer caused by the fusion of two dialects, usually starting with phonological systems and prone to regular phonological changes. Mostly showing regular phonological changes, Zhen’an Yongle dialect is a fusion of two dialects, and its historical layers are mainly invisible superimposition rather than visible ones. Therefore, it is Method of reference (cross-sectional referencing) that can help us effectively disentangle the historical layers in language evolution.

摘要

历史比较法通过语言比较重建同源分化的语言谱系历史，但仅看到语言演变和分化的外在现象和结果，忽略了其主要动因——异质接触。历史层次分析法看到接触在语言演变中的部分作用，在此基础上引入层次观，但将其单一理解为由表层借用形成的文白层。然而，语言的接触层叠有显性叠置和隐性叠合两种基本形式，二者存在本质区别。显性叠置的形成机制为方言向权威语的表层借用，一般始于词汇，易形成不规则音变；而隐性叠合的形成机制为两种方言融合引起的底层转用，一般始于音系，易形成规则音变。镇安永乐话由两种方言融合而成，其历史层次主要表现为隐性叠合而非显性叠置，多呈现出规则音变。因而，只有使用参照析层法，才能够有效离析其历史层次。

Memoriam

REMEMBERING BILL

William S-Y. Wang

Hong Kong Polytechnic University

2024. 12. 25

Excerpt

Bill was one of the great linguists of our time. It was my privilege to have had him as a good friend for over a half-century. Here I will try to recall some personal memories across the fog of distant time, as best as I can.

It was actually through Uriel Weinreich that Bill’s work first came to my attention. Uriel’s classic Languages in Contact, first published in 1953, opened a new perspective for me on how languages change. And his later discussion of Empirical Foundations for a Theory of Language Change, co-authored with Bill and Marvin Herzog and published in 1968, was an authoritative and balanced statement on what language is, just when the juggernaut of transformational grammar, with its seductive bag of unfounded claims, was beginning to sweep over the field. That paper exemplified for us a precious empirical approach that was much needed for balance in the field.

Report

REPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES IN EVOLUTIONARY LINGUISTICS

Min Zhu

Hunan University

Yicheng Rong

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Yi Weng

Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Yanyuan Ye

Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Fei Chen

Hunan University

Lihai Tan

Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience

Gang Peng

Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Excerpt

The 14th International Conference in Evolutionary Linguistics (CIEL-14, 第十四届演化语言学国际研讨会) was held at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) during August 3–5, 2023. Organized by the Research Centre for Language, Cognition, and Neuroscience and the Department of Chinese and Bilingual Studies at PolyU, the event brought together scholars and students from 40 universities and institutions worldwide, including those from Mainland of China, Hong Kong, Macau, the United States, Australia, and Korea. The conference featured a rich program comprising six keynote speeches, 14 invited talks, and 45 oral and poster presentations. These were organized under four major themes: cognitive neuroscience and language development, diachronic study of language, synchronic study of language, and review. Both Chinese and English served as the working languages of the conference. For more details about CIEL-14, please visit: https://www.polyu.edu.hk/cbs/rclcn/conferences/ciel14/welcome/.